The performance of Titanium

Non-ferrous metal alloy and classificationWhat is a non-ferrous metal alloy, the answer is;In a non-ferrous metal as the substrate, by adding one or several other metal or nonmetal elements, composed of both has the matrix metal connectivity, but also has some of the specificity of the material, called non-ferrous metal alloys.Non-ferrous metal alloy classification method are many, usually there are two;A, according to the alloy system classification;1 heavy non-ferrous metal alloy;Including copper alloys, such as copper, brass, copper, nickel alloy, zinc alloy, lead alloy and tin alloy.2 light non-ferrous metal alloy;Including aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, etc.3 precious metal alloys;Including silver and platinum alloy, etc.4 rare metal alloy;Including titanium, tungsten alloys, molybdenum, niobium alloy alloy and rhenium alloy.Second, according to use classification;1 deformation alloy used for pressure processing (alloy).2 casting alloy.Three bearing alloy.4 printing alloy.5 cemented carbide.6 solder.7 intermediate alloy.

Industrial pure titanium and chemical pure titanium difference is: it contains more oxygen. Nitrogen, carbon and many other magazines elements (such as iron, silicon, etc.), it is essentially a kind of low alloy content of titanium alloy.Compared with chemical pure titanium, because contain more magazine elements make the strength greatly improved, its mechanical properties and chemical similar to stainless steel, but compared with titanium alloy, still had a lower strength).Of industrial pure titanium features are: strength is not high, but the plastic is good, easy to machining, stamping, welding, cutting processing performance is good;Wet chlorine gas in the atmosphere, water, and oxidizing, neutral and weak reducing medium has good corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance is better than that of most of the austenitic stainless steel but poor heat resistance, temperature is not too high.(1) mainly used as the working temperature of 360 degrees, the force is not big but demanding plastic parts, stamping parts and corrosion resistant structure for example: the skeleton and skin of the aircraft, engine accessories, ship with seawater corrosion of pipelines, valves, pumps.Desalination system components, chemical heat exchanger. The pump body, distillation tower, cooler, mixer, tee, impeller, solid pieces, ion pump, compressor air valve and diesel engine piston, connecting rod, leaf spring, etc.(2) the TA1. TA2 in iron content is 0.095%, oxygen content is 0.08%, hydrogen content was 0.0009%, the nitrogen content is 0.0062%, has the very good toughness at low temperature and high temperature strength, can be used as a - structural materials at low temperature below 259 ℃.Pure titanium according to its different impurity content, divided into TA1. TA2 and TA3 three grades.This three kinds of industrial pure titanium interstitial impurity element is gradually increasing, so its mechanical strength and hardness also increases step by step, but plastic. Toughness reduced.Commonly used in industry is pure titanium TA2, because of its moderate corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties.The corrosion and high strength requirement can use TA3.To require good formability can be adopted when the TA1.

1791 British minister w. Gregor (Gregor) in black magnetite discovered a new kind of metal elements.In 1795, German chemist M.H. carat Mr. Preuss (Klaproth) in the study of rutile also discovered the elements, and named after the Greek god Titans back.In 1910, American scientists bioarchaeology Hunter (Hunter) for the first time used sodium reduction TiCI: making the pure titanium.1940 Luxembourg scientists W.J. Chloe (kroll) using magnesium reduction TiCl: with pure titanium.From then on, magnesium reduction method (also called kroll method) and sodium reduction method (also known as the hunter method) become industrial method of producing titanium sponge.The United States in 1948 to design the grading form by using magnesium reduction 2 t titanium sponge, reached the scale of industrial production.Then, Britain, Japan, the former Soviet union and China have entered industrialized production, the main production titanium power for the former Soviet union, Japan and the United States.Titanium is a kind of new metal, because it has a series of excellent properties, are widely used in aviation, aerospace, chemical, petroleum, metallurgy, light industry, electric power, desalination, vessels and utensils, and other industrial production in daily life, it is known as modern metal.Titanium production since 1948 have a half a century of history, it is developed with aviation and aerospace industry and emerging industries.Its development experienced several ups and downs, it is because the titanium aircraft industry related.But overall, titanium development speed is quick, it more than any other development velocity of non-ferrous metal.It can be seen from the development of sponge titanium industry all over the world: titanium sponge production scale for 60 kt/a in the '60 s, 70 s to 1 lokt/a, in the 80 s to 130 kt/a, in 1992 already amounted to 140 kt/a.Actual output reached an all-time high in 1990, to 105 kt/a.After entering the 90 s, because of the reduce amount of military titanium and some countries such as Russia selling stock titanium sponge, weak market a few years ago.Titanium market started to rebound in 1995, mainly because the civilian aircraft such as B777 and titanium golf clubs such as civil quantity to increase, in 1996, the demand of titanium reached a new high.Experts forecast the demand of titanium in the next few years will continue to significantly increase.The main reason of obstruction of titanium application is expensive.Titanium can be expected, with the progress of science and technology and the constant improvement of production technology, expanding enterprise's production capacity and improve the management level, to further reduce the cost of titanium products, titanium will develop a broader market.

The new technology of processing Titanium Nickel wire:Tohoku university institute of materials research success a nickel titanium shape memory silk material of new technology, called bag - clastic extrusion method.The processing method of process mainly includes the following basic steps:A, through the preparation of different metal cladding rolling multilayer composite sheet, all kinds of metal layer thickness ratio depends on the chemical composition of the identified.Second, cut the rolled into the composite sheet into crumbs, then made blank clastic loading into the container.Three, will become thin billet extrusion rods, and then processed into filaments.Fourth, through thermal diffusion treatment, turn filaments ChengXiang to get intermetallic compound nickel titanium wire.In this process, can improve the workability of composite materials, can be obtained at high reducing rate with good microstructure of filaments.

Nature of ilmenite ore dressing processTitanium is a kind of important and has extensive USES the important structure of the metal, titanium alloy titanium alloy has high strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance and is widely used in various fields..Many countries in the world is to know the importance of the titanium alloy material, so far the development of high temperature corrosion of titanium alloy and high strength titanium alloy, titanium alloy titanium alloy structure in the production of aircraft engine compressor components, the rockets and missiles and high-speed plane structure and other important fields will be a large role.The biggest drawback is difficult to extract titanium.So, in ore crushing stage to consider well prepared as possible for the extraction of subsequent process.Red star machine to do the thorough research.Ilmenite is iron and titanium oxide mineral, is the main refining titanium ore.Ilmenite is very heavy, gray to black, with a little metallic luster.Generally for plate, crystal collection for or lump together.Ingredients for FeTiO3.Contain TiO252.66 %, is a major mineral extraction of titanium and titanium dioxide.China sichuan panzhihua iron ore, ilmenite distribution between the magnetite particles or parting, and forming large deposit.The chemical composition of ilmenite related to forming conditions.From ultrabasic rock, rock of ilmenite, the content of MgO style is higher, the basic excluding Nb, Ta,In the alkaline rock ilmenite, MnO content is higher, and containing Nb, Ta,Of acid rock originated in ilmenite, FeO, MnO content high, Nb and Ta content is relatively high.Ilmenite ore dressing equipment are: inclined plate enrichment grading box (in sizing), wear-resisting spiral chute (abandoned tailings), weak magnetic separator (in addition to the strong magnetic minerals), magnetic separation machine (choose ilmenite), flotation machine (sulfide, fine ilmenite in floating), the electric machine (selected ilmenite), etc.The beneficiation process basically has: "gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation" and "gravity separation, magnetic separation, electric separation (choose don't desulphuration)" two kinds, beneficiation process to strictly according to the points graded, take different processes.The progress of human material civilization, is often built on the discovery of new materials and application, the red star machine based on the mining enterprise, strive to realize material cause of the motherland.

Titanium's three big functions:1. The memory functionTitanium - nickel alloy under a certain environment temperature has a one-way, two-way and a full range of memory effect, is a recognized is the best memory alloy.On engineering pipe joint for fighter aircraft hydraulic system;Oil cartel pipelines system;Diameter of 0.5 mm wire made of 500 mm diameter parabolic mesh antenna used for aerospace aircraft;In medical engineering for sleep apnea treatment;As screw used in fracture healing.The above application has obtained obvious effect.2. Superconducting function Niobium and titanium alloy when temperature is lower than the critical temperature, presents the function of superconducting zero resistance.3. The function of hydrogen storageTitanium - iron alloy with hydrogen absorption properties, a large number of security of hydrogen storage, in a certain environment and release hydrogen.This in hydrogen separation, hydrogen purification, hydrogen storage and transportation, manufacturing for hydrogen energy application of heat pump and accumulator is very promising.

Titanium is a kind of very reactive metals, the equilibrium potential is very low, the thermodynamic corrosion tend to be large in the medium.But in fact, titanium in many medium is stable, such as titanium in oxidizing, neutral and weak reducing medium is corrosion resistant.This is because has a great affinity, titanium and oxygen in the air or oxygen medium, and generate a dense layer of titanium surface oxidation film, strong adhesion, large inertia, protect the titanium substrate from corrosion.Even if due to mechanical wear and tear will soon heal or to regenerate.It shows that the titanium is a strong passivation tendency of metal.Medium temperature under 315 ℃ titanium oxide film has always been to maintain this feature.Including TA0, pure titanium TA1, TA2, TA3, etc.

The ten performance of titanium:The ten performance of titaniumTitanium density of 4.51 g/cm3, below aluminum and above the steel, copper, nickel, but strength is located in the top of the metal.Corrosion resistance ofTitanium is a kind of very reactive metals, the equilibrium potential is very low, the thermodynamic corrosion tend to be large in the medium.But in fact, titanium in many medium is stable, such as titanium in oxidizing, neutral and weak reducing medium is corrosion resistant.This is because has a great affinity, titanium and oxygen in the air or oxygen medium, and generate a dense layer of titanium surface oxidation film, strong adhesion, large inertia, protect the titanium substrate from corrosion.Even if due to mechanical wear and tear will soon heal or to regenerate.It shows that the titanium is a strong passivation tendency of metal.Medium temperature under 315 ℃ titanium oxide film has always been to maintain this feature.In order to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, studies the oxidation, electroplating, plasma spraying, ion nitriding, ion implantation and the surface treatment technology, such as the laser processing of titanium oxide film played an enhanced protective effect, obtained the hoped for corrosion resistant effect.In sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methylamine solution in high temperature, high humidity chlorine and chloride production's need for metal materials, developed titanium molybdenum, titanium and palladium, titanium molybdenum - nickel and so on a series of corrosion resistant titanium alloy.Titanium castings used - 32 molybdenum alloy, titanium environments for pitting and crevice corrosion of often used titanium molybdenum - 0.3-0.8 - the local use of nickel alloy or titanium equipment titanium - 0.2 palladium alloy, has obtained the very good use effect.Heat resistant performance is goodNew type of titanium alloy at 600 ℃ or higher temperature for long-term use.Low temperature resistant performance is goodTitanium alloy TA7 al (Ti - 5-2.5 Sn), TC4 (Ti 6 al 4 v) and Ti - 2.5 - Zr - 1.5 Mo represented by the low temperature of titanium alloy, its strength increase with the decreasing of temperature, but the plastic changes are much less.In - 196-253 ℃ low temperature keep the good ductility and toughness, avoid cold brittleness, the metal is a cryogenic vessel, tank and other equipment ideal material.Damping resistance is strongTitanium by mechanical vibration, electric vibration, compared with steel, copper, its longest vibration attenuation.Using the properties of titanium as a tuning fork, medical ultrasonic mill vibration components and advanced audio speakers such as the vibration of the thin film.No magnetic, non-toxicTitanium is a nonmagnetic metal, will not be magnetized in large magnetic field, non-toxic and has good intermiscibility with human tissue and blood, so adopted by the medical community.Tensile strength and yield strengthThe properties of titanium shows its showed high (tensile strength/yield strength), said the titanium material in forming the difference of plastic deformation.Because of titanium yield limit and elastic modulus ratio is large, to make the titanium forming ability to rebound.Heat transfer performance is goodThe coefficient of thermal conductivity of titanium than low carbon steel and copper, but due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, so wall thickness can be thinned greatly, and the surface and the heat exchange way as the dropwise condensation of steam, reducing the heat group, too surface scaling can reduce thermal resistance, made of titanium heat exchanger performance improved significantly.Low modulus of elasticityTitanium elastic modulus at normal temperature is 106.4 GMPa, 57% of the steel.Breathe in performanceTitanium is a kind of chemical nature very lively, metal at high temperature can react with many elements and compounds.Titanium getter mainly refers to the heat react with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen.